The Influence of Sowing and Mineral Fertilizer Norms on The Growth, Development, Yield and Crop Qualities of Seeds of Autumn Soft Wheat

Wheat worldwide (Triticum aestivum L.) the main food crop is cultivated, and demand for it and production are growing paralellously. "According to the UN International Organization, the total grain production in the world is around 2 billion 450 thousand tons, of which 2 billion 194 thousand tons corresponds to the share of cereal crops (wheat, rye, barley, oats, triticale, rice, corn, oats, millet, marjumak), 256 million tons of legumes.".It is considered of important scientific and practical importance to study the research work of soft wheat, aimed at creating high-yielding, grain quality, resistant varieties to diseases and pests, lying down, unfavorable factors of the environment using short stem control killing genes.


Introduction
Wheat is grown in about 130 countries around the world.In the United States, Russia, Ukraine, France, Italy, Spain, Poland, China, Syria, Japan, where a lot of wheat is planted, there is great research on the creation of high varieties of potential opportunities using genetic laws and advanced selection technologies using the gene that controls the short stem of wheat.Determining the correlation relationship between grain yield with genes controlling wheat shortness, creating short, resistant to lying, resistant to biotic and abiotic factors, choosing the starting material for marker-based selection, and conducting molecular genetic research are some of the important tasks.
The purpose of the study is to create varieties of autumn soft wheat for irrigated areas, resistant to diseases and pests, resistant to adverse climatic conditions, fertile, with high grain qualities, develop a scientific-based agrotechnics of growing their seeds with varietal and crop qualities.
Optimizing planting and fertilizer norms in the areas irrigated with yuli, such works are carried out in obtaining a high -quality and high harvest of autumn soft wheat, creating crops that can effectively use external environmental factors to form seeds that meet the requirements of the I-class, generating an optimal number of productive stems in the area of a given unit, managing the resulting agrocenosis.Since the technology of seed autumn wheat cultivation differs from the technology of commodity cultivation, the adoption of planting and fertilizer norms is of important theoretical and practical importance.
The results of our experiments showed that the "Kipchoksuv" variety of autumn wheat in the conditions of Meadow-rich soils of the Jizzakh region has a homogeneous field consistency when planted annually in planting and fertilizer norms The field germination of autumn wheat seeds has changed without temperature, moisture in the soil, crop qualities of seeds, planting and tie to fertilizer plants.Field germination of seeds in the "Kipchoksuv" Variety, the planting rate is 3.0 million.the germination of grasses and seeds at 1 m2 without attachment to the fertile seed/ga and fertilizer standards varied from 87.8 to 89.7%.
3.0 million of planting beds.6.0 million from fertile seed/ha.an increase in the norm of fertile seeds/ha and, accordingly, fertilizers led to a decrease in the field germination of seeds.The highest field germination of seeds in the "Kipchoksuv" variety is 5.0 million.fertile seed/ga and n180p90k90 kg / ha were observed in the paikal, and at 1 m2 grains of grass were formed, with a fertility of 90.7%.The planting rate is 6.0 million per hectare.flourable seed and fertilizer norm N180 P90 K90 kg applied in paikalcha, 521.7 grass was formed in 1 m2 in the "Kipchoksuv" variety, field germination of seeds was 86.9 %. 3.0;4.0;5.0 and 6.0 million of the planting norm in the" kipchuksuv " variety.the decrease in field germination of seeds with an increase in the yield/yield of seeds was determined by the increase in the standards of the fertilizer used.
Winter hardiness of plants..It is known that one of the factors that determines the yield balance in each type of kandai crop is the thickness of the plants.The yield is high in wheat, the thickness of which is in moderation.
Basically, it is necessary to achieve the formation of a clump joint in it before the wheat enters wintering.During the growing season when pollination is good, the leaf surface produces large amounts of organic matter and side stems are formed.The degree of germination of autumn wheat is determined by the variety, seediness, feeding area,planting norm,number of seeds,soil moisture, planting period, quality and fertility of soil, light, temperature, attachment to the fertilizing system.
The largest number of bushes in the" kipchoksuv " variety is 3.0 million per hectare.the norm of fertile seed and fertilizer n180p90 K90 kg in the applied variant, the number of tubers in the pre-wintering period was 249.9 pieces after wintering 272.1 plants in 1m2, and the wintering plants were determined to be 81.9%, the perished sprouts were 22.2 pieces or 8.2%.
The planting rate is 4.0 million.when applied n180p90 K90kg per hectare of fertile seed and fertilizer, the number of pre-wintering Bush amounted to 394.1 units in 1m2, 345.6 units after wintering the plant, 87.6%, the number of perishable sprouts was 48.5 units or 12.3%.
5.0 million.inthe pre-wintering period in the application of n180p90 K90 kg per hectare of fertile seed and fertilizer, the number of tubers was observed to be 521.7 pieces in 1m2, 487.4 pieces or 89.5% after wintering, and the number of sprouts perished was observed to be 34.3 pieces by 10.4%.
Increase the thickness of the Bush, the norm of planting is 6.0 million.it was observed that the number of tubers until wintering in n180p90 K90 kg of Applied legumes per 1m2 after wintering 501.1 pieces 446.3 pieces, 85.3%, the number of sprouts perished 54.8 pieces 14.6%.In the conditions of the Jizzakh region.The" kipchoksuv " Variety has a relatively high winter hardiness, high-norm application of nline at: le o b ila Ava -221 -phosphorus and potassium fertilizers increases the winter hardiness of plants, the planting rate is 3.0 million.flourable seed/ha and 6.0 million.5.0 million compared to the fertile seed/.winter hardiness was aniclated to be highest when the fertile seed/ga.Development phases and duration of the growing season.During the development periods of autumn wheat, morphological changes occur in the plant and new organs are formed.The germination of seeds of Bushy grain crops is a sign that a period of vitality has begun in the plant.Growth is a change in plant organs (height, number of leaves, weight).Development is the transition of the process of qualitative changes in the plant,the formation of generative organs, ontogenesis from one period to another.
Autumn wheat sowing of seeds, the period of germination, the duration of the development phases change depending on a large number of factors: temperature, humidity, light,nutrient supply, biological characteristics of the variety, agrotechnical measures.
In the years of the experiment we conducted, the phases of development and the duration of the growing season were significantly influenced by planting and fertilizer measures.The sowing of autumn wheat seeds did not have a significant impact on the germination, germination periods, sowing and fertilizer sizes.Differences in the norms of varieties, planting and fertilizing have arisen from the stage of autumn wheat harvesting.
The onset and duration of the phase during the clumping-tubing period was influenced by the change in planting and fertilizer sizes.The longest clumping-tubing period is 3.0 million tons of sowing norm in the"Kipchoksuv" variety.the option applied to the fertile seed/ga and fertilizer norm N210 P105 K105kg/GA was observed to have 144 days.This period became longer than the other phases, periods, as the vegetation entered the winter tinim period during the accumulation phase.The minimum clumping-tubing period is 5.0 million in the" Kipchoksuv " variety.unsweetened seed / ga, N180 p90k90 in the variant was 137kun.The period of seeding-seeding was changing, from 36 to 39 days, in the "Kipchoksuv" Variety, without planting and fertilizing.During the breeding season, planting and fertilizer measures influenced the onset of phases and their duration.
The planting rate is from 3.0 to 6.0 million.coiling in both varieties began early for 3-4 days when the germinated seed was increased to/.The shortest tube-spike period is 5.0 million in the" Kipchoksuv " variety.the fertile seed / ga was 36 days in the N180 p90k90 variant.
The ripening-flowering, flowering-milk ripening, milk ripening-wax ripening, wax ripening-full ripening period has changed from 6 to 11 days in all variants in both two varieties.The longest growing season is 6.0 million in the" Kipchoksuv " variety.the norm of sowing into a single seed/was observed when applied to N210 P105 K105 kg / and amounted to 241 days.The planting norm is 3.0 million.6.0 million from fertile seed/ha.increase in the fertile seed / a shortening of the growth period by 6-5 days is anicized..The effect of planting and fertilizer norms on the productivity indicators of the "Kipchoksuv" variety of soft wheat.One of the main indicators that determine the yield of autumn wheat is the number of productive Bush, the number of cobs in the Bush and its grain size.The mass and number of grains in the Bush will also be inextricably linked to the planting and fertilizing standards of autumn wheat.
Planting standards in the" kipchoksuv " variety are 3.0 million units of germinated seeds/ga, the shortest in the control (no fertilizer) option,the spike length is from 8.0 CM to 10 cm, the number of grains in the spike is 36 grains, the mass of grain in 1 Bush is 1.22 grams, the number of productive stems is 324.8 units ,the mass of 1000 grains is 26.1 grams, the fertilizer norm is N120 P60 K60 and N210 P105.Variants applied to K105 kg / had a spike length of 8.6-9.8 cm, a spike count of 41.2-43.7 grains, a grain mass of 1 spike of 1.40-1.54grams, the number of productive stems is 371.0-445.8units,the mass of 1000 grains is 30-35 grams, a high figure in this variant was observed when fertilizer norm N180 P90K90 was applied.
The sowing norm is 4.0 mln flourable seed, in the controlled fertilizer-free option, the spike length is 8.4 cm, the number of grains in the bushok is 38.4 grains, the grain mass in 1 bushok is 1.26 grams,the number of productive stems is 363.3 pieces, the mass of 1000 grains is 29.4 grams, the fertilizer is n120p60k60 and N210 P105 K105 kg/in the applied option,the Bush the number of grains is 42-48.4grains, the mass of grain in 1 spike is 1.34-1.56grams, the number of productive stems is 413.8-450pieces,the mass of 1000 grains is up to 31.5-37.1 grams,the highest was recorded in the variant N180 P90 K90.
The sowing norm is 5.0 mln flourable seed, 8.1 CM in the control fertilizer-free option, the number of grains in the Bush is 48.2 grains, the mass of grain in 1 Bush is 1.62 grams, the number of productive stems is 382.3 pieces,the mass of 1000 grains is 31.8grams, the fertilizer norm is N120 P60 K60 and N210 P105 K105 kg/-57.9grains, the grain mass in 1 spike is 2.21-3.10grams, the number of productive stems is 444.5-482.3units, the mass of 1000 grains is up to 38.1-48.1 grams,and n180p90k90 in this variant, all productivity indicators were found to be higher than in other variants.(.see table ).
Table 2 The effect of planting and fertilizer norms on the productivity indicators of the "Kipchoksuv" variety of soft wheat.
( The sowing norm is 6.0 mln flourable seed, the control is 8.9 cm in the fertilizer-free option, the number in the spike is 46.4 grains, the mass of grain in 1 spike is 1.32 grams, the number of productive stems is 376.8 units, the mass of 1000 grains is 29.4 grams, the fertilizer norm is N120P60K60 and n210p105k105 kg/it was found that 48.2 grains, 1 grain mass in cobs was 1.47-2.20 grams, the number of productive stems was 427.6-463.6,and the mass of 1000 grains was 30.4-36.2 grams. Hence, from the results obtained, it can be concluded that the sowing norm is 5.0 million flourable seeds, fertilizer norm N180P90K90 productivity indicators have been observed to increase.Cereal crops with spikes tend to lie down.The laying of crops depends on the nature of the variety, weather conditions and agrotechnical measures (in particular, the norm of planting and Fertilizers and watering).
The plants are laid down from the root or from the stem.
In the" kipchoksuv " variety, planting norms were applied to 3.0 million units of germinated seeds/ha, fertilizer norm N120P60K60 and n210p105k105 kg/ha, the plant's height 87 cm plant's resistance to lying down was observed 9 points.
Sowing norm 4.0 mln flourable seed, fertilizer norm N120 P60 K 60 and N210 p105k105 kg/in the applied options, the plant height 91 cm the plant's resistance to laying was observed 9 points.
The plant height of 5.0 million flour seeds, fertilizer norm N120 P60 K 60 and N210 P105 K105 kg/in the applied options, the plant height 94 cm the plant's resistance to laying was observed 9 points.nline at: le o b ila Ava -223 -Planting norm 6.0 mln flourable seed, fertilizer norm N120 P60 K 60 and N210 P105 K105 kg/in the applied options, the height of the plant is 98 cm, the plant's resistance to laying was observed 7 points The laying of Bush grain crops depends on the nature of the variety, weather conditions and agrotechnical measures (the norm of planting and Fertilizers ,watering).
When growing a rich harvest of autumn wheat, the feature of the variety's resistance to lying down is important.In the seeds of lying plants,no whole grain is formed or the grain becomes crumbly, favorable conditions for the good development of diseases arise.So, as a result of increasing planting and fertilizer standards, there was a decrease in plant height and resistance to lying down.
The effect of planting and fertilizer norms on grain yields of the "Kipchoksuv" variety of wheat.The correct application of the fertilizer norm, in addition to increasing yields, ensures good grain and seed qualities.Sowing and fertilizer norms do not always hear that the highest quality seed crop is obtained when applied correctly togetherzaev K.E, Yusupov X.YU, G'.The heibullaevs emphasized.
With an increase in the thickness of the Bush, the productivity of plants decreases, but the yield increases to a certain extent.Yield is the level of yield of a certain type of plant, variety and hybrid.Under the same conditions, the yield of different varieties will be different.
The yield of autumn wheat depends on the biological characteristics of the variety, soil -climatic conditions, water, light, nutritional regime and applied Agro-activities.In autumn wheat cultivation, the external environment factor or applied Agrotechnology has a strong impact on yield or grain quality.It is possible to grow high and high-quality cereals when the cultivation technology is used to suit the biological characteristics of the varieties.Applied cultivation technology requires that autumn wheat optimally satisfies its demand for vital factors at the stages of orinogenesis.
Important technological methods that have a significant impact on the yield and grain quality of autumn wheat can be used to include planting and fertilizer plants.The productivity of each individually obtained plant can be high if the plants are sparse in the area where the autumn wheat is planted.With an increase in the thickness of the Bush, the productivity of plants obtained separately decreases, but the yield increases to a certain extent.In this case, the number of plants in the area of a given unit is optimized, the yield is highest, then the yield decreases slowly.The correct application of the fertilizer norm ensures good grain quality and seed qualities, in addition to increasing yields.
The results of the experiment show that with an increase in the planting norm, there was a lack of food for plants as a result of the large number of seedlings on an area of 1m2.This has resulted in heavy plant loss, with increasing fertilizer standards resulting in a decrease in vegetation height and lying down in the period leading up to the collection of plants.
It was found in experiments that the effect of planting the "Kipchoksuv" variety of soft wheat on grain yields and the norms of fertilizers differ from each other in the studied options.Planting and fertilizer norms were taken from the option of 33.4 ts/to, 45.8 ts/to high yield, fertilizer norm N210 P105 K105 kg/in the option applied to 3.0 mln of unistive seed/to 31.8 ts/gani, n120p60k60 and n210p105k105 kg/to 45.8 ts / to high yield, fertilizer norm N100 P105 K105 kg/.
The sowing norm is 4.0 million units of fertile seed/ha ,the control (fertilizer-free) option has an average grain yield of 32.8 ts/ha ,while the fertilizer norm N120 P60 K60 and N210 p105k105 kg/ha is taken from the option used, from 36.4 ts/to 46.7 ts/ha, high grain yield N180 P90 K 90.(-table ).
The sowing norm is 5.0 million units of fertile seed/ha,the average grain yield in the control (no fertilizer) option is 43.8 ts/ha,the fertilizer norm is N120 P60 K60 and N210 P105,k105kg/ha in the applied option is 48.6 ts/ha,74.4ts/ha,and the high grain yield N180 P90 K90 was taken from the applied option.
If the sowing norm was obtained by 6.0 million units of fertile seeds/ha, on average 44.6 ts/ha in the control (fertilizer-free) option, then the fertilizer norm was obtained by 47.2 ts/ha in the option applied to N120 P60 K60 and N210 P105, K105 kg/ha, the cha grain yield was obtained by 55.8 ts/ha.

-table
The effect of planting and fertilizer norms on grain yields of the "Kipchoksuv" variety of soft wheat, (Gallaorol 2016-2018-yy The results of the experiment showed that the maximum yield in the "Kipchoksuv" variety in the application of the sowing norm to 5.0 million fertile seeds/ha and fertilizer norm to n180p90k90 kg/ha was obtained at the expense of fertilizer to 74.4 ts/ha or the control (fertilizer-free)option to 42.6 ts/Ha, an additional grain crop.

Conclusion
In conclusion, it was found that in irrigated lands, the application of high and high-quality grain crops from the duvark-type "Kipchoksuv" variety of autumn wheat, when obtaining seeds, the planting norm is 5.0 million flourable seeds/ha and Fertilizers N180 P90 K90 kg/ha will have a high effect. References:

Table 1 .
The effect of sowing in seed pods and fertilizer plants on field germination of the "Kipchoksuv" variety (Gallaorol 2016-2018 yy.) The Influence of Sowing and Mineral Fertilizer Norms on The Growth, Development, Yield and Crop Qualities of Seeds of Autumn Soft Wheat

Gallaorol 2016-2018.)
The Influence of Sowing and Mineral Fertilizer Norms on The Growth, Development, Yield and Crop Qualities of Seeds of Autumn Soft Wheat