"EVALUATION OF NEPHRO PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF NICORANDIL IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY IN DIABETIC RATS”
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: One of the main microvascular complications of diabetes that leads to end-stage renal disease and the need for kidney dialysis or transplantation is diabetic nephropathy. Neither the kidney damage caused by diabetic nephropathy nor its prevention can be reversed with medication. The goal of the current study was to assess nicorandil's impact on diabetic rats' nephropathy caused by streptozotocin (STZ).
METHOD: Male Wistar rats that had fasted for the whole night were given 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) of streptozotocin to induce diabetes. Rats with fasting blood glucose levels more than 250 mg/dl were classified as diabetics and placed into four groups following a 48-hour streptozotocin treatment. The first two groups were maintained as controls for diabetes and normal conditions, respectively. After inducing diabetes, treatment groups received oral doses of nicorandil (2.5 and 5 mg/kg). These doses were given for six weeks. Serum glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, serum albumin, serum creatinine, serum total protein, serum blood urea nitrogen, urine albumin, urine creatinine excretion rate, creatinine clearance, kidney index, antioxidant levels in kidney homogenate, MDA levels, and renal histopathology were measured at the conclusion of the six-week Nicorandil treatment.
RESULTS: When compared to the diabetic control group, the insulin-treated diabetic rats exhibited lower serum glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels. When compared to diabetic rats, the diabetic treatment rats demonstrated a significant decrease in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urinary albumin, haemoglobin, kidney index, and increased levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde. Diabetic treatment rats also demonstrated a significant increase in body weight, serum albumin, creatinine clearance, serum total proteins, and urinary creatinine. The kidney's histopathological results provided additional evidence for the preventive role of nitric oxide supplementation in reducing renal damage.
CONCLUSION: Nicorandil demonstrates good effect of renal protection in diabetic rats and so can be a promising drug for treatment and prevention of diabetic nephropathy.
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