A Study Of Phylogenetic Relationship Of Grasshoppers Based On Alpha Amylase Diversity
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Abstract
In grasshoppers, phylogenetic studies based on amylase diversity are rare. Insects widely distribute alpha amylases, attracting a few workers to consider these enzymes for phylogenetic analysis and genetic diversity studies. The existence of alpha-amylase isoforms in grasshoppers enabled us to identify molecular diversity and polymorphism between the species. In this study, the isoforms of amylase generated diverse zygomorphic bands ranging from 1 to 4 between species. Twenty-five species of grasshoppers recorded a total of fifty bands, with their molecular weight ranging from 34.08 kDa to 87.44 kDa, reflecting changes in the amino acids in the protein chain and structure of these molecules. The distribution of amylases in these species showed a single band in nine species; three species had four bands; ten species had two isoforms; and in four species, three bands were present. The diversity of isoamylases in these insects has provided new insight into their phylogeny. The phylogenetic analysis of twenty-five species of grasshoppers in this study has not recovered monophyly for the subfamilies Oedipodinae, Acridinae, or Gomphocerinae. The grasshoppers of family pyrgomorphidae appeared as sister taxa to members of different subfamilies of Acrididae. The importance of alpha-amylases as markers in the phylogenetic study of short-horned grasshoppers was proven.
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